The functions of the liver include the manufacture of certain hormones and bile containing bile salts. The liver is also important in the absorption of fats and detoxification, and plays a vital role in the metabolism of sugars (storage and redistribution), as well as the synthesis of certain proteins and fats. The liver stores vitamins A, D, and B12 and mineral salts, including iron and copper. It eliminates toxic products after assailing them with an array of complex chemical reactions. One of the classic detoxification pathways is almost nonexistent in cats. For this reason, cats are extremely sensitive to a variety of products, including insecticides such as DDT and lindane, aspirin, and acetaminophen.
Once the liver ceases functioning, the condition is referred to as liver failure.
It can be attributed to several causes, including infection (FIP, pseudotuberculosis, various bacteria, and toxoplasma) toxins, shock, hemolysis, or immune disorders. Symptoms of liver failure are weakness, inappetence, vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive thirst. Jaundice develops rapidly, and nervous disorders set in: unsteady gait, prostration, followed by coma, and sometimes convulsions. Blood tests can be helpful in making a definitive diagnosis. A veterinarian will treat the cause of the disease if it can be identified and will administer medications to treat the symptoms. Rest and a high-carbohydrate, low-fat, low-protein diet are vital.
The onset of chronic liver failure is so subtle that by the time symptoms raise concern, a large portion of the liver has already been destroyed. At this stage, it is almost impossible to determine the cause of the problem.
Possible causes include cholangiohepatitis (inflammation of the biliary tract), infectious diseases such as FIP, endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus, as well as cirrhosis of the liver. Cancers of the liver (lymphosarcomas, primary or metastasized carcinomas) produce similar clinical signs.
A cat suffering from liver failure experiences weight loss, has a dull coat, has a reasonable appetite but experiences digestive problems including diarrhea or constipation, and often consumes greater quantities of water than normal. Over time, slight, then more severe jaundice sets in. Blood tests may reveal slight abnormalities.
A special diet regime is the primary treatment method. A diet rich in high-quality proteins and easily digestible carbohydrates should be fed in several small meals per day.
Log in
