Know how to react to visible hemmorhaging (blood loss).
Need for a rapid and appropriate reaction in cases of visible external, or internal hemmorhaging.
A hemorrhage can be due to either a wound or a disease. Its severity depends upon its location and the volume of blood lost.
It can lead to serious circulatory distress if no intervention takes place.
Definition:- a hemorrhage in which blood is flowing from a visible wound.
Symptoms:- bleeding due to a cut or skin abrasion (see chapter 9);- real hemorrhage: saturation of a bandage in a few seconds ( pay attention to hemorrhages hidden by fur).
Actions to be taken:- stop the hemorrhage as quickly as possible;- prevent circulatory distress;- call for help;- observe the dog;- do not provide drinking water;- restrict the dog's movement;- calm the animal;- initiate an oxygen therapy as soon as it is accessible.
Techniques:- Compress the bleeding wound with your fingers or hands. Take over with a bandage or compresses held in place by a large binding (scarf or elastic support). The compression should be maintained until the arrival of a specialist.- Compress indirectly, if the direct compression is:- Impossible (open fracture, wound with a foreign body);- Inefficient (tourniquet, compression point).
Compression points:
Use of tourniquet: when the indirect compression is difficult or inefficient or if it can not be maintained by the isolated individual before calling for help. It is placed between the wound and the indirect compression point. It is carried out with a large binding, not with string or an elastic tourniquet. Once in position, do not release, carefully note the time of placement in hours and minutes.
- Criteria of efficiency: Stop the hemorrhage.
Observation:
Note any symptoms of a deteriorating circulatory function:- paleness of the mucosas;- increase of the cardiac frequency;- weak femoral pulse.
Definition:- orificial bleeding: nose, mouth, ears, anus, urinary or vaginal orifice.- Observation: if bleeding from the mouth, check if the dog has bitten its tongue or its chops.
Action to be taken:- this type of hemorrhage requires immediate treatment by a specialist.
Definition:- bleeding is not external, but accumulates in an internal cavity: abdomen, thorax, head
Symptoms:- intra-abdominal hemorrhage: rapid swelling of the abdomen with an extreme paleness of the mucus, respiratory distress and a definite increase in cardiac frequency; the stomach becomes very tight and hard to the touch. In the case of a minor hemorrhage, a paleness of the mucus and a light increase in cardiac frequency are evident.- intra-thoracic hemorrhage: there is no visible swelling, only paleness of the mucus, respiratory distress and an increase in cardiac frequency.- intracranial hemorrhage: notice a paleness of the mucus, neurological deficits or even unconsciousness.
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