Ancillary Organs

The voluminous liver (80 to 150 g) is divided into seven lobes. The excretory duct consists of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which lead from the gall bladder and converge in the bile duct, which opens into the duodenum together with the pancreatic duct.

The pancreas is an organ attached to the duodenum (first portion of the small intestine). It is a combination of two distinct glandular tissues:- the exocrine gland, which produces the pancreatic juice emptied into the intestine;- the endocrine gland, which releases two hormones (insulin and glucagon) into the blood. This gland weighs 8 to 10 g, and its pancreatic duct opens near the bile duct in the intestine.

The cat's narrow, long spleen is constricted in the middle and sits on the left between the abdominal wall and the stomach. This wine-colored organ weighs 5 g. It keeps red blood cells in reserve and destroys old ones.

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