A food allergy is an inappropriate response of the body to a foreign substance, which is normally absorbed by a healthy cat. Some foods are not recognized by the immune system and trigger a rejection mechanism. Most food allergies are caused by proteins. Intense itching, particularly on the head, ears, neck, and forelegs is the primary symptom. Digestive disorders, including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may also be associated with food allergies.
In fact, food allergies are quite rare; they are responsible for only one percent of all skin disorders. Food allergies should not be confused with food intolerance, which does not trigger an immune response (lactose intolerance, histamines present in poor quality foods, excessive fermentation in the large intestine, etc.).
Diagnosing a food allergy is extremely difficult, since it is necessary to identify the specific food responsible for the symptoms. In order to do this, the cat is often fed a diet composed of ingredients other than those typically used in cat foods. Lamb meat is commonly used for this type of diet. If the symptoms disappear (this can take several weeks, or even months), the old food is reintroduced to see if symptoms reappear. If they reappear in less than one week, a food allergy is confirmed.
A food allergy is treated by feeding hypoallergenic food.
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